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This tutorial will be showing you how to boot Debian 9 ISO file directly from hard drive with the GRUB2 boot loader so you don’t have to create a live CD or live USB. It’s super easy to create a Linux live USB these days, you can do it with a graphical tool or from the command line. But what if you don’t have a USB flash drive around or you want to install Debian to your USB flash drive?
GRUB to the rescue
GRUB2 boot loader is able to boot Linux ISO image file directly from your hard drive. GRUB2 supports many files systems, including but not limited to ext4, HFS+, and NTFS, which means you can put your ISO file on any of these file systems. GRUB 2 can also read files directly from LVM and RAID devices. GRUB2 also has network support. You can load OS images from a network by using the TFTP protocol.
In this tutorial, we will only talk about booting ISO file from local hard disk. To use this feature, you need to have a Linux distro with GRUB2 as the boot loader already installed on your computer.
How to Boot Debian 9 ISO File Directly From Hard Drive With GRUB2
First, start your computer and boot your existing Linux distro. Download Debian 9 ISO. You can use the either the netinstall ISO or live CD ISO. You also need to download
hd-media/initrd.gz
and hd-media/vmlinuz
from this page. - initrd.gz is the initial ramdisk.
- vmlinuz is the Linux kernel.
If you want a graphical installer which allows you to use mouse to click, then download
hd-media/gtk/initrd.gz
and hd-media/gtk/vmlinuz
instead. Put these three files into the same directory. Next, open up a terminal window and edit the /etc/grub.d/40_custom
file with a text editor such as nano.In this file we can add custom entries to the GRUB boot menu. In this case, we want to add an entry to boot a Debian 9 ISO file. The following is an example.
Explanation:
- menuentry: This entry will be displayed on the GRUB2 boot menu. You can name it whatever you like.
- The insmod command inserts a module. Since these three files are stored on my home partition, the
ext2
module is needed. If these files are on a NTFS partition, then you needinsmod ntfs
instead. - The set command sets the second partition of my first hard drive as the root directory. (My home partition is the second partition of my first hard drive.)
- The
linux
command loads a Linux kernel from the specified path.vmlinuz
means a compressed Linux kernel executable that supports virtual memory. Letter ‘z’ indicates that it is compressed. - The
initrd
command loads an initial ramdisk from the specified path. It can only be used after thelinux
command has been run. The initial ramdisk is a minimal root file system mounted to the RAM.
Note that GRUB does not distinguish IDE from SCSI. In Linux,
/dev/hda
refers to the first IDE hard drive and /dev/sda
refers to the first SCSI or SATA hard drive. If you use a NMVe SSD, it might be named as /dev/nvme0n1
, /dev/nvme1n1
and so on. But in GRUB, the first hard drive is always referred to as hd0
, no matter the interface type. Also note that partition numbers in GRUB start at 1, not 0.![How To Boot A Pebuilder Iso From Ram How To Boot A Pebuilder Iso From Ram](/uploads/1/2/4/7/124725791/844763535.jpg)
To check your partition number, you can run
lsblk
or sudo parted -l
command in the terminal window. You can also see it in Gparted partition editor, which can be installed by issuing the following command.On my computer,
vmlinuz
,initrd.gz
and the Debian ISO image are stored under/home/linuxbabe/
directory, but I have a separate home partition and it’s set as root in the GRUB config file, so the path should start with /linuxbabe
, not /home/linuxbabe/
.What Is A Pe Builder
Save and close the file. Then update GRUB boot menu with the following command:
On Fedora, the command to run is:
On Debian-based Linux distro, you can use the following command to update GRUB boot menu.
You can see from the output that GRUB added a new menu entry. (Newer versions of GRUB doesn’t show this message. )
Now restart your computer. At the GRUB boot menu, you can see the menu entry you just added. Note that you might need to press the right Shift key in order to bring up the GRUB boot menu when the computer restarts.
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Select it and press Enter. The Linux kernel (
vmlinuz
) and initial RAM disk (intird.gz
) will be loaded into memory. Then additional installer component will be loaded from the Debian ISO image.Avoiding the Common Pitfall
You may have used the following code to boot Ubuntu ISO from hard disk and now you try to use the same syntax for Debian 9 ISO.
It won’t work. If you use this syntax, you will get the following error after booting the Debian ISO.
or
The reason is that the Ubuntu method uses Linux kernel and intitial ramdisk inside the ISO image, but you must use
hd-media/vmlinuz
and hd-media/initrd.gz
in order to boot Debian installer from hard disk. The Debian ISO image is the CD-ROM/medium required by Debian installer.A Few Other Tips
If the three files are on the top-level directory of a disk partition, don’t leave out the beginning slash when specifying the path to
vmlinuz
and intird.gz
. In other words, you needrather than
If the three files are on an extended partition of MBR disk, the partition number start from 5, instead of 1. For example, the first logical partition inside of extended partition will be numbered as 5; the second logical partition inside of extended partition will be numbered as 6.
If you have a SATA disk and a NVMe SSD inside your computer, the SATA disk is the first and the NVMe SSD is the second. The same goes for a USB drive and a NVMe SSD.
I hope this tutorial helped you boot Debian 9 ISO image from hard disk by using the GRUB2 boot loader. As always, if you found this post useful, then subscribe to our free newsletter to get more tips and tricks.
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Active3 years, 9 months ago
Is it possible to use a tool to load an ISO file into RAM and then boot from it? LiveCDs inject into RAM and boot from it, if I'm correct. So can I just bypass the program and load it into RAM and boot it before the memory clears?
MiseroMisero
1 Answer
![Boot pc from iso Boot pc from iso](/uploads/1/2/4/7/124725791/211524854.png)
You may also want to investigate MEMDISK as this would seem to be the answer to what you are trying to do.
How To Boot From Iso Windows
LiveCD's are, I believe, a little different. (Like most Linux systems) they boot a minimal system using initrd and then create the full blown experience in RAM from that - but the kernel/OS is loaded prior to everything being put into memory.
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